People, often ask me about long and short sessions, why they were designed that way, and who decided to create them.
Oregon became recognized as a state in 1859. Our legislature’s first meeting was in the fall of 1860 for a brief session of 20-30 days. Lawmakers decided there that they would meet every two years, and only for a month or two.
Historically, lawmakers were largely farmers who would set aside their plowshares to take up the reins of government for a few weeks.
With the small population of the state back then, there wasn’t as much legislating to do, so the short biennial sessions were enough. Lawmakers kept meeting in the fall of odd-numbered years until 1885 when they moved the sessions to January — a sensible change since fall is harvest time for farmers.
Those biennial sessions went on for over a century. The governor can also call a special session if there’s an emergency for lawmakers to address.
By the late 2000s, Oregon was one of only five states to hold a legislative session every two years, and some lawmakers had been wondering for decades whether it made any sense to make a change. Problems didn’t go away and new ones evolved during the long break. Budgets needed to be adjusted. And special “emergency” sessions became more and more frequent.
In November 2010, voters overwhelmingly approved an amendment to the Oregon Constitution requiring that lawmakers meet every year. This ballot measure established the alternating long and short sessions: long sessions in odd years and short sessions in even years.
During odd-numbered years, the session starts on the Tuesday after Martin Luther King Jr. Day, and it starts during the first full week of February in even-numbered years.
Oregon has a “citizen’s legislature,” which means lawmakers aren’t supposed to be professional politicians. They’re expected to have jobs outside of the session, although they’re necessarily the type of jobs that allow for someone to be gone for a month or five. Legislative pay reflects that ostensibly part-time status.
Compensation has become a more controversial issue in recent years as the nature of work as a whole and the workload of legislating has changed. |